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Vitamin B12 Deficiencies with Dementia

There is conclusive research evidence for Vitamin B12 deficiencies with dementia. Maintaining good levels of B12 has been shown to  reduce the chances of dementia. Will taking a B12 supplement improve memory and cognition?

The jury is still out. My view is that we know levels of B12 are deficient, it should be supplemented.

Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in brain health and cognitive function. Studies find it is critical for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or cognitive decline. Why? B12 deficiency causes cognitive impairment.

Why Do Vitamin B12 Deficiencies with Dementia Exist?

  1. B12 Deficiency and Cognitive Impairment:
    • Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to cognitive problems, memory loss, and even neurological damage. Deficiency is common in older adults and it may contribute to symptoms that mimic or exacerbate cognitive decline, including conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.
    • People with Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia have lower B12 levels compared to healthy individuals. Addressing a B12 deficiency in such cases can improve cognitive function.
  2. Homocysteine Levels:
    • One of the key roles of B12 is to help regulate homocysteine, an amino acid that, when elevated, is thought to increase the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. High levels of homocysteine are linked to an increased risk of AD, and B12 helps convert homocysteine into other substances, reducing its harmful effects.
    • Some studies have found that supplementing with B12, along with folate (which also help lower homocysteine levels), slows cognitive decline in those with mild cognitive impairment. An abstract of one such study follows:
 
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2021;8(3):249-256. Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Impairment and Inflammation in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
 Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the combined action of folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive performance and inflammation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Design: This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Participants: Patients (n=120) diagnosed clinically as probable AD and in stable condition from Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Measurements: Individuals were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=60, folic acid 1.2 mg/d + vitamin B12 50 μg/d) and the placebo group (n=60). Cognitive performance, blood folate, vitamin B12, one carbon cycle metabolite, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured at baseline and after 6 months. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures.

Results: A total of 101 participants (51 in the intervention group and 50 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Folic acid plus vitamin B12 supplementation had a beneficial effect on the MoCA total scores (P=0.029), naming scores (P=0.013), orientation scores (P=0.004), and ADAS-Cog domain score of attention (P=0.008), as compared to those of the control subjects. Moreover, supplementation significantly increased plasma SAM (P<0.001) and SAM/SAH (P<0.001), and significantly decreased the levels of serum Hcy (P<0.001), plasma SAH (P<0.001), and serum TNFα (P<0.001) compared to in the control subjects.

Conclusions: Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation showed a positive therapeutic effect in Alzheimers patients who were not on a folic acid-fortified diet. The findings of this study help to delineate nutrient intervention as far as public health management for the prevention of dementia is concerned.

 

Biomolecules. 2022 Jan 14;12(1):129. Mechanistic Link between Vitamin B12 and Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly population, affecting over 55 million people worldwide. Histopathological hallmarks of this multifactorial disease are an increased plaque burden and tangles in the brains of affected individuals.

Several lines of evidence indicate that B12 hypovitaminosis is linked to AD. In this review, the biochemical pathways involved in AD that are affected by vitamin B12, focusing on APP processing, Aβ fibrillization, Aβ-induced oxidative damage as well as tau hyperphosphorylation and tau aggregation, are summarized.

Besides the mechanistic link, an overview of clinical studies utilizing vitamin B supplementation are given, and a potential link between diseases and medication resulting in a reduced vitamin B12 level and AD are discussed. Besides the disease-mediated B12 hypovitaminosis, the reduction in vitamin B12 levels caused by an increasing change in dietary preferences has been gaining in relevance.

In particular, vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, and therefore might have potential implications for AD. In conclusion, our review emphasizes the important role of vitamin B12 in AD, which is particularly important, as even in industrialized countries a large proportion of the population might not be sufficiently supplied with vitamin B12.

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2010
Alzheimers Recovery

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Benfotiamine Improves Memory and Cognition

Great news. Researchers have discovered that  benfotiamineBenfotiamine Improves Memory and Cognition improves memory and cognition. Benfotiamine is a lab-made (or synthetic derivative) of thiamine (vitamin B1). It is available over the counter and does not require a prescription. (Note: As always consult with your doctor about changing the supplements you take even though they are not prescription medications)

What is Benfotiamine?

Benfotiamine is a fat-soluble form of thiamine that has better bioavailability than its water-soluble counterpart

This means it can penetrate cell membranes more efficiently which increases levels of thiamine in the bloodstream and tissues. Benfotiamine is used to treat thiamine deficiency but has recently caught the attention of Alzheimer’s researchers due to its unique properties.

Why Benfotiamine Improves Memory and Cognition

Recent studies have shown that benfotiamine may have significant benefits for those experiencing Alzheimer’s symptoms.

  1. Cognitive Improvement: In a study involving mild to moderate AD patients, long-term administration of benfotiamine (300 mg daily) led to an average increase of 3.2 points in Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores over 18 months
  2. Amyloid Plaque Reduction: Preclinical studies using mouse models of AD demonstrated that benfotiamine effectively reduced amyloid plaque numbers in cortical areas of the brain
  3. Neuroprotection: Benfotiamine appears to protect brain cells from damage, potentially slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease
  4. Metabolic Enhancement: The compound addresses tissue deficiency of thiamine-regulated metabolic pathways linked to Alzheimers, potentially improving glucose metabolism in the brain.

Research that supports the finding that  Benfotiamine Improves Memory and Cognition

J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78(3):989-1010. Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial

 

Abstract

Background: In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer’s disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation.

Objective: To collect evidence on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine.

Methods: A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome.

Results: Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment and mild Alzheimers symptoms

The promising results from initial studies have paved the way for larger clinical trials:

The Benfotiamine Alzheimer’s Clinical Exploration (BACE) – ADC-061 Trial is currently underway, exploring the potential of benfotiamine in treating mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

  • A nationwide clinical trial, funded by a $45 million grant from the NIH and NIA, is set to launch. This trial will enroll approximately 400 patients across 50 U.S. clinical sites to further investigate benfotiamine’s therapeutic potential.

Why Benfotiamine Stands Out

Several factors make benfotiamine an exciting option for treating dementia.

  1. Safety Profile: As a vitamin derivative, benfotiamine offers a natural option to reverse dementia with fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs
  2. Affordability: If proven effective, benfotiamine could be a cost-effective treatment option, making it widely accessible
  3. Multi-faceted Action: Benfotiamine improves cognitive function and addresses underlying pathological changes in the brain including amyloid plaque formation and metabolic deficiencies

Cost

Convinced that taking Benfotiamine improves memory and cognition? If you have decided to investigate further you have likely encountered a shocking range of prices charged for Benfotiamine.

If you decide to begin taking Benfotiamine, please do not order based on price. The inexpensive brands have questionable quality and you will almost always be throwing your money down the toilet. Always purchase from a reliable source such as Life Extension.

Conclusion

The potential of taking benfotiamine to reverse dementias is undeniably exciting. The use of a vitamin-derived compound like benfotiamine represents a shift towards more natural, holistic approaches reversing dementia.

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Alzheimer’s Breakthrough 2024

For years Alzheimer’s has remained a formidable challenge in neuroscience, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Recent research evidence offers new hope. What is the Alzheimer’s breakthrough 2024?

The answer: a light therapy that has attracted intense interest among researchers in 2024. Previously known as low level laser therapy, the term used now for this breakthrough therapy is photobiomodulation.

The pioneer in this field is Vielight, a company in Toronto Canadaphotobiomodulation duo device that has engineered photobiomodulation devices which deliver the light therapy with head helmets and nasal applicators illustrated in the image to the right. Visit   (https://www.vielight.com) for more information. When ordering any of their devices be sure to claim a 10% discount with coupon code healing4me.

Vielight alone has sponsored 15 independent studies using their devices to evaluate the value of their photobiomodulation devices as a therapy for Alzheimers, Parkinsons and other neurological conditions. The summary below of several studies is an excellent overview of this groundbreaking therapy.

I invite you to take a peak at a selection of study abstracts listed below all of which were published this year – 2024. As you can readily ascertain, researchers across the globe now view photobiomodulation as the Alzheimer’s breakthrough 2024.

Four Studies Reveal Why Photobiomodulation is the Alzheimer’s Breakthrough 2024

Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024 May 21;16(1):114. Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite decades of research into therapeutic strategies for AD, effective prevention or treatment for this devastating disorder remains elusive.

In this review, we discuss the potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and alleviating AD-associated pathologies, with a focus on the biological mechanisms underlying this therapy. Future research directions and guidance for clinical practice for this non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy are also highlighted.

The available evidence indicates that different treatment paradigms, including transcranial and systemic Photobiomodulation, along with the recently proposed remote Photobiomodulation, all could be promising for Alzheimer’s. Photobiomodulation exerts diverse biological effects, such as enhancing mitochondrial function, mitigating the neuro-inflammation caused by activated glial cells, increasing cerebral perfusion, improving glymphatic drainage, regulating the gut microbiome, boosting myokine production, and modulating the immune system.

Conclusion: We suggest that PBM may serve as a powerful therapeutic intervention for AD.

Future Sci OA. 2024 May 24;10(1):FSO922. Unleashing light’s healing power: an overview of photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s treatment

Abstract

Aim: Photobiomodulation involves the use of low-level light therapy or near-infrared light therapy found to be useful in the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.

Objective: The aim is to review the mechanism and clinical applications of photobiomodulation therapy in managing Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods: To ensure that the consensus statement accurately reflects both the experts’ viewpoint and the most recent developments in the field, the expert opinions were recorded and thoroughly reviewed.

Results: Photobiomodulation elicits reduction of beta-amyloid plaque, restoration of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with a stimulation in ATP synthesis.

Conclusion: The PBMT could be helpful in patients non-responsive to traditional pharmacological therapy providing significant aid in the management of Alzheimer’s disease.

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2024 Apr:46:103991. Photobiomodulation’s potential as a non-invasive therapy for alzheimer’s disease and minimal cognitive impairment: A 12-week investigation. 

Abstract


Background:  To explore the realm of non-pharmacologic therapies, our study evaluates the 12-week impact of non-invasive Photobiomodulation light therapy on cognitive and psychological aspects in individuals with Alzheimer’s and minimal cognitive impairment. The urgency of exploring innovative interventions is underscored by the rising occurrence of Alzheimer’s, particularly in regions with aging populations like Iran.

Method: 13 patients (6 case patients and 7 control patients) participated in the study. Sham treatment was administered to seven individuals, while another six received photobiomodulation treatment over 12 weeks, with daily at-home LED (810 nm wavelength) device usage lasting 20 min. Initially, the patient and their caregiver participated in two hospital sessions to acquaint them with the device’s operation.

Results: The mean reduction of Hamilton’s anxiety questionnaire score was 3.33±6.08 in the intervention group and 2.00±3.46 in the control group (p-value=0.836). The mean score reduction of the Hamilton depression questionnaire was 3.16±3.86 in the intervention group and 4.85±6.20 in the control group (p-value=0.836). The mean score of the DAD questionnaire in the intervention group before the study was 25.50±13.13 and after the intervention was 29.83±12.12 (p-value=0.084) and in the control group it was 29.71±8.19 and after the study was 29±0.972 (p-value = 0.526). The mean changes in the DAD questionnaire score in the intervention group increased by 4.33±4.92 and decreased by 0.71±2.81 in the control group (p-value=0.041).

Conclusion: In general, photobiomodulation light therapy appears to hold promise as a potentially safe method for enhancing the cognitive, functional, and psychological status of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 28;25(3):1625. Photobiomodulation for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system and thus present a significant challenge due to the absence of effective therapies for halting or reversing their progression. Based on the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which have prolonged incubation periods and protracted courses, exploring non-invasive physical therapy methods is essential for alleviating such diseases and ensuring that patients have an improved quality of life.

Photobiomodulation  uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits and functions by stimulating, healing, regenerating, and protecting organizations at risk of injury, degradation, or death. Over the last two decades, photobiomodulation has gained widespread recognition as a non-invasive physical therapy method, showing efficacy in pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and tissue regeneration. Its application has expanded into the fields of neurology and psychiatry, where extensive research has been conducted.

This paper presents a review and evaluation of studies investigating photobiomodulation in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific emphasis on recent applications in AD and PD treatment for both animal and human subjects. Molecular mechanisms related to neuron damage and cognitive impairment are scrutinized, offering valuable insights into PBM’s potential as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy.

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2005
Alzheimers Recovery

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Electro-Magnetic Fields

In the video below I discuss  the hazards of electro-magnetic fields for Alzheimers systems. The hazards of EMF exposure are predicted to increase the prevalence of Alzheimers and increase the severity of persons currently afflicted.

As suggested in my presentation, register for the Electro-Magnetic Fields Summit to be held October 3rd through 6th. I just registered myself.  It is free to watch and promises to offer options to reduce our exposure to the variety of EMF hazards we confront (cell phones, WIFI, smart meters, etc.). Presenters will discuss the hazards of EMFs and also their impact on neurological conditions such as Alzheimers.

Click the link below to register for the virtual Summit, then attend for free.

EMF Registration Link  

Alzheimers Research on Electro-Magnetic fields 

Posted below are two recent studies that report on the hazards of EMF exposure with regard to Alzheimers. The prediction is a rapid increase in early onset Alzheimers because of EMF exposures.

The origin of EMFs originates from natural and human made sources. Here is a preview of both.

Natural Sources of Electro-Magnetic Fields

  1. Cosmic Rays: High-energy particles from outer space.
  2. Solar Radiation: EMFs emitted by the sun, including ultraviolet and visible light.
  3. Earth’s Magnetic Field: The geomagnetic field generated by the Earth’s core.
  4. Thunderstorms: Lightning generates electromagnetic fields.
  5. Geological Activity: Natural phenomena like earthquakes can produce EMFs.

Man-Made Sources of Electro-Magnetic Fields

  1. Power Lines: High-voltage transmission lines and substations.
  2. Electrical Appliances: Devices like microwaves, toasters and hair dryers.
  3. Cell Phones: Emit radio frequency radiation during use.
  4. Wi-Fi Routers: Produce radio frequency fields for wireless internet.
  5. Bluetooth Devices: Low-power RF signals for short-range communication.
  6. Radio and TV Broadcasting: Emit EMFs in the radio frequency range.
  7. Industrial Equipment: Machinery and tools in factories can produce EMFs.
  8. Medical Equipment: MRI machines, X-ray machines, and other diagnostic tools.
  9. Electric Vehicles: Charging stations and onboard electronics generate EMFs.
  10. Electric Trains and Subways: High voltage systems create significant EMFs.

Both natural and man-made sources contribute to the electromagnetic environment we experience. The harmful effects of exposure slowly cumulate over time. Most people are unaware of the dangers involved until it is too late.

Research on EMFs and Alzheimers

Curr Alzheimer Res. 2022;19(2):119-132. Low Intensity Electromagnetic Fields Act via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Activation to Cause Very Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: 18 Distinct Types of Evidence

Abstract
Electronically generated electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including those used in wireless communication such as cell phones, Wi-Fi and smart meters, are coherent, producing very high electric and magnetic forces, which act on the voltage sensor of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i.

The calcium hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has shown that each of the important AD-specific and nonspecific causal elements is produced by excessive [Ca2+]i. It acts in AD via excessive calcium signaling and the peroxynitrite/oxidative stress/inflammation pathway, which are each elevated by EMFs. An apparent vicious cycle in AD involves amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) and [Ca2+]i.

Three types of epidemiology suggest EMF causation of AD, including early onset Alzheimers. Extensive animal model studies show that low intensity EMFs cause neuro-degeneration, including AD, with AD animals having elevated levels of Aβ, amyloid precursor protein and BACE1. Rats exposed to pulsed EMFs every day are reported to develop universal or near universal very early onset neuro-degeneration, including AD; these findings are superficially similar to humans with digital dementia. EMFs producing modest increases in [Ca2+]i can also produce protective, therapeutic effects. The therapeutic pathway and peroxynitrite pathway inhibit each other.

A summary of 18 different findings is provided, which collectively provide powerful evidence for EMF causation of AD. The author is concerned that smarter, more highly pulsed “smart” wireless communication may cause widespread very, very early onset AD in human populations.

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Med Hypotheses. 2019 Jun:127:76-83. Are rises in Electro-Magnetic Field in the human environment, interacting with multiple environmental pollutions, the tripping point for increases in neurological deaths in the Western World?

Abstract
Whilst humans evolved in the earth’s Electro-Magnetic-Field (EMF) and sun-light, both being essential to life but too much sun and we burn. What happens if background EMF rise to critical levels, coinciding with increasing environmental pollutants? tThere have been profound changes in human morbidity across a range of disparate conditions – autoimmune diseases, asthma, earlier cancer incidence and reduced male sperm counts.

Multiple environmental pollutants are associated with neurological diseases.

The pace of increased neurological deaths far exceeds any Gompertzian explanation – that because people are living longer they are more likely to develop more age-related problems such as neurological disease. Using WHO global mortality categories of Neurological Disease Deaths (NDD) and Alzheimer’s and Dementia deaths (Alz), updated June 2018, together they constitute Total Neurological Mortality (TNM), to calculate mortality rates per million for people aged 55-74 and for the over-75’s in twenty-one Western countries. Recent increases in American people aged over-75’s rose 49% from 1989 to 2015 but US neurological deaths increased five-fold. In 1989 based on Age-Standardised-Deaths-Rates America USA was 17th at 324 pm but rising to 539 pm became second highest..

Based upon recent and new evidence we hypothesize that a major contribution for the relative sudden upsurge in neurological morbidity in the Western world (1989-2015), is because of increased background EMF that has become the tipping point-impacting upon any genetic predisposition, increasing multiple-interactive pollutants, such as rises in petro-chemicals, hormone disrupting chemicals, industrial, agricultural and domestic chemicals.

The unprecedented neurological death rates, all within just twenty-five years, demand a re-examination of long-term EMF safety related to the increasing background EMF on human health. We do not wish to ‘stop the modern world’, only make it safer.

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2005
Alzheimers Recovery
https://www.alzheimersrecovery.com

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Groundbreaking Discovery for Autism

I have exciting news about a groundbreaking discovery for autism. It can be reversed.

For more information about the Vielight Duo photobiomodulation device visit: https://www.vielight.com/devices/vielight-neuro-duo-brain/

A 10 percent discount is available with coupon code healing4me. If your child does not show the improvement anticipated after 6 months of daily use, you can return the Duo device for an 80% refund

Groundbreaking Discovery for Autism Using  the Vielight Neuro Duo 

As the world’s only transcranial-intranasal brain photobiomodulation device, the Vielight Neuro Duo is the result of years of engineering and research.

Groundbreaking discovery for autism research with the Vielight technology produced improvements in cognition, memory and blood flow.

The Vielight Neuro Duo comes with both Alpha and Gamma modes.

  • Gamma (40Hz): focus, memory, brain energy.
  • Alpha (10 Hz): relaxation and sleep improvement.

Summary for the  Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Study 

Children (BASEL). 2022 May 20;9(5):755. Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Retrospective Study

Data were reported and analyzed for 21 children, 13 males and 8 females with an average age of 9.1. The age range is 5 to 15 years old. The study was conducted over six months in the home setting.

Participants used the Vielight Neuro Duo with its two protocols, the Alpha 10 hertz protocol and the Gamma 40 hertz protocol.

Both Alpha and Gamma protocols were administered each day, one in the morning and one in the evening. Each session had a duration of 20 minutes, during which children were involved in stimulating activities such drawing, coloring, reading, playing games or doing homework.

Findings

After 6 months, transcranial-intranasal photobiomodulation was associated with:

  • reduction in ASD severity, as shown by a decrease in CARS scores (p < 0.001).
  • reduction in noncompliant behavior
  • reduction in parental stress
  • reduction in behavioral and cognitive rigidity
  • improvement in attentional functions and in sleep quality.

These remarkable improvements not only enhanced the lives of the patients but also greatly reduced stress among their parents, as measured by the SDAG scale, creating a more peaceful and effective environment for growth.

How Photobiomodulation Reverses Austism

How does the Vielight Neuro Duo photobiomodulation device work? It emits an optimal irradiance, amongst the highest in the industry with the 810 nanometer wavelength to penetrate the skull and reach the brain, transcranially and intranasally. The Vielight Neuro Duo’s design specifically targets the Default Mode Network to improve connectivity between its nodes.

The default mode network is crucial in understanding autism. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have been observed to have alterations in their default mode network, contributing to difficulties in social interactions and understanding others’ perspectives.

Research has revealed that atypical connectivity within the default mode network underlies the characteristic challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors seen in autism.

The two different pulsing modes, Alpha and Gamma have complementary effects.  The alpha protocol promotes relaxation, reducing rigidity and improving sleep. The gamma protocol boosts cognitive functions which facilitates improved focus and attention.”

Safety and Future Directions

From a safety perspective the treatment has been well-tolerated with minimal side effects, making it a safe option.

The second study abstract  below reports positive results for younger children ages 2-6.
Front Neurol. 2024 Apr 26:15:1221193. Transcranial photobiomodulation in children aged 2-6 years: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial assessing safety, efficacy, and impact on autism spectrum disorder symptoms and brain electrophysiology

Abstract

Background: Small pilot studies have suggested that transcranial photobiomodulation  could help reduce symptoms of neurological conditions, such as depression, traumatic brain injury, and autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: To examine the impact of photobiomodulation on the symptoms of Autism in children aged two to six years. (The study listed above is based on older subjects 5-15 years in age).

Method: This study ran a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial involving thirty children aged two to six years with a prior diagnosis of ASD. Pulses of near-infrared light (40 Hz, 850 nm) noninvasively were delivered to selected brain areas twice a week for eight weeks, using an investigational medical device designed for this purpose. We used the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to assess and compare the Autism symptoms of participants before and after the treatment course. Electroencephalogram data during each session were collected from participants who tolerated wearing the cap.

Results: The difference in the change in CARS scores between the two groups was 7.23 (95% CI 2.357 to 12.107, p = 0.011). Seventeen of the thirty participants completed at least two EEGs and time-dependent trends were detected. In addition, an interaction between Active versus Sham and Scaled Time was observed in delta power (Coefficient = 7.521, 95% CI -0.517 to 15.559, p = 0.07) and theta power (Coefficient = -8.287, 95% CI -17.199 to 0.626, p = 0.07), indicating a potential trend towards a greater reduction in delta power and an increase in theta power over time with treatment in the Active group, compared to the Sham group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the condition (Treatment vs. Sham) in the power of theta waves (net_theta) (Coefficient = 9.547, 95% CI 0.027 to 19.067, p = 0.049). No moderate or severe side effects or adverse effects were reported or observed during the trial.

Groundbreaking Discovery for Autism Conclusion:

Findings of these two studies taken together indicate that photobiomodulation is a safe and effective treatment for Autism. The Vielight Neuro Duo offers a groundbreaking treatment for Autism.

For more information about the Vielight Duo photobiomodulation device visit: https://www.vielight.com/devices/vielight-neuro-duo-brain/

A 10 percent discount is available with coupon code healing4me. If your child does not show the improvement anticipated after 6 months of daily use, you can return the Duo device for an 80% refund.

Call Vielight to get answers to your questions. The company is located in Toronto Canada: 1-877-355-8012 (Main line)

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2010
Alzheimers Recovery

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Photobiomodulation Vielight Devices

Photobiomodulation is at the forefront of exciting discoveries for treating Alzheimer’s disease. The term itself is a mouthful to be sure. It was formerly called low level laser therapy. In the video below I provide a demonstration of one of the early photobiomodulation Vielight devices. This helps clear the mystery about how photobiomodulation light therapy is delivered to the brain with a helmet type device and a nasal applicator.

Vielight photobiomodulation devices are featured in the most published research in the research field of brain photobiomodulation. Below are listed  abstracts from published studies.

Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Mar;37(3):133-141. Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial

Abstract

Objective: To examine the effects of transcranial and intranasal photobiomodulation therapy, administered at home, in patients with dementia.

Background: This study sought to replicate and build upon a previously published case series report describing improved cognitive function in five patients with mild-to-moderate dementia after 12 weeks of transcranial and intranasal near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation therapy.

Materials and methods: Eight participants (mean age: 79.8 ± 5.8 years old) diagnosed with dementia by their physicians were randomized to 12 weeks of usual care (UC, n = 4) or home photobiomodulation treatments (n = 4). The NIR photobiomodulation treatments were administered by a study partner at home three times per week with the Vielight Neuro Gamma device. The participants were assessed with the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) subscale and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks, and with arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI at baseline and 12 weeks.

Results: At baseline, the UC and photobiomodulation groups did not differ demographically or clinically. However, after 12 weeks, there were improvements in ADAS-cog (group × time interaction: F1,6 = 16.35, p = 0.007) and NPI (group × time interaction: F1,6 = 7.52, p = 0.03), increased cerebral perfusion (group × time interaction: F1,6 = 8.46, p < 0.03), and increased connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and lateral parietal nodes within the default-mode network in the photobiomodulation group.

Conclusions: Because photobiomodulation was well tolerated and associated with no adverse side effects, these results support the potential of photobiomodulation therapy as a viable home treatment for individuals with dementia.

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Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Aug;35(8):432-441. Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report.

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzheimer’s disease with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) Baseline scores of 10-24 would improve when treated with near-infrared photobiomodulation therapy.

Background: Animal studies have presented the potential of photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s disease. Dysregulation of the brain’s default mode network (DMN) has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, presenting the DMN as an identifiable target for photobiomodulation.

Materials and methods: The study used 810 nm, 10 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal photobiomodulation to treat the cortical nodes of the DMN (bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus). Five patients with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment were entered into 12 weeks of active treatment as well as a follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. Patients were assessed with the MMSE and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) tests. The protocol involved weekly, in-clinic use of a transcranial-intranasal photobiomodulation device; and daily at-home use of an intranasal-only device.

Results: There was significant improvement after 12 weeks of photobiomodulation (MMSE, p < 0.003; ADAS-cog, p < 0.023). Increased function, better sleep, fewer angry outbursts, less anxiety, and wandering were reported post-photobiomodulation. There were no negative side effects. Precipitous declines were observed during the follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. This is the first completed photobiomodulation case series to report significant, cognitive improvement in mild to moderately severe dementia and possible Alzheimer’s cases.

Conclusions:  Photobiomodulation shows potential for home treatment of patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

                                      ****************

Front Neurol. 2024 Aug 23:15:1407785. Modifying Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology with photobiomodulation: model, evidence, and future with EEG-guided intervention

Abstract

This manuscript outlines a model of Alzheimer’s Disease  pathophysiology in progressive layers, from its genesis to the development of biomarkers and then to symptom expression. Genetic predispositions are the major factor that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent amyloid and tau protein accumulation, which have been identified as hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Extending beyond these accumulations, we explore a broader spectrum of pathophysiological aspects, including the blood-brain barrier, blood flow, vascular health, gut-brain microbiodata, glymphatic flow, metabolic syndrome, energy deficit, oxidative stress, calcium overload, inflammation, neuronal and synaptic loss, brain matter atrophy, and reduced growth factors.

Photobiomodulation , which delivers near-infrared light to selected brain regions using portable devices, is introduced as a therapeutic approach. Photobiomodulation has the potential to address each of these pathophysiological aspects, with data provided by various studies. They provide mechanistic support for largely small published clinical studies that demonstrate improvements in memory and cognition.

They inform of Photobiomodulation’s potential to treat Alzheimer’s Disease  pending validation by large randomized controlled studies. The presentation of brain network and waveform changes on electroencephalography (EEG) provide the opportunity to use these data as a guide for the application of various Photobiomodulation parameters to improve outcomes. These parameters include wavelength, power density, treatment duration, LED positioning, and pulse frequency. Pulsing at specific frequencies has been found to influence the expression of waveforms and modifications of brain networks. The expression stems from the modulation of cellular and protein structures as revealed in recent studies. These findings provide an EEG-based guide for the use of artificial intelligence to personalize AD treatment through EEG data feedback.

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2010
Alzheimers Recovery

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Photobiomodulation for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

As summarized in my video below, researchers have recently identified Photobiomodulation as a therapy that improves a wide variety of neurological conditions. As detailed in this post, one benefit is the application of photobiomodulation for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).  Posted below are short abstracts of a selection of studies that focus on traumatic brain injury. Anyone with a TBI challenge should take this option to facilitate recovery seriously.

To put this in a little perspective, photobiomodulation (previously known as low level laser therapy) was a little known five years ago. Researchers who explore its application to a wide range of health conditions has skyrocketed over recent years.

Included  below small sampling of the dozens of studies that recommend photobiomodulation for its application for for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Photobiomodulation for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Studies

J Neurotrauma. .2023 Feb;40(3-4):210-227. Photobiomodulation in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Photobiomodulation is a therapeutic modality that has gained increasing interest in neuroscience applications, including acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its proposed mechanisms for therapeutic effect when delivered to the injured brain include antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Eighteen published articles were identified for inclusion: seventeen pre-clinical studies of in vivo animal models and one clinical study in human patients. The available human study supports safety and feasibility of Photobiomodulation in acute moderate TBI.

This systematic review provides substantial meta-analysis evidence of the benefits of PBM on functional and histological outcomes of TBI.

Cells. 2024 Feb 23;13(5):385. Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential. Lew Lim

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze transcranial photobiomodulation which employs specific red to near-infrared light wavelengths to modulate brain functions, as a promising therapy to address TBI’s complex pathophysiology in a single intervention. This study reviews the feasibility of this therapy, firstly by synthesizing PBM’s cellular mechanisms with each identified TBI’s pathophysiological aspect. The outcomes in human clinical studies are then reviewed.

The findings support PBM’s potential for treating TBI, notwithstanding variations in parameters such as wavelength, power density, dose, light source positioning, and pulse frequencies. In summary, transcranial PBM represents a multifaceted therapeutic intervention for TBI with vast potential which may be fulfilled by optimizing the parameters.

J Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Dec 13:13:e65. Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series

Abstract

Introduction: This study intended to evaluate the safety and possible therapeutic effect of photobiomodulation among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Eleven participants who were diagnosed with TBI after full neurological examination and MRI evaluation by a board-certified neurologist completed five to eight 20-minute sessions

Results: All patients enrolled in this study protocol were able to tolerate the study procedures. Nine out of eleven participants had clinically significant improvements in GRC score (≥ +2). Neuropsychological testing and mood questionnaire outcomes also suggested a positive therapeutic effect.

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the safety and potential efficacy of photobiomodulation as a non-invasive clinical intervention for individuals with TBI.

Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Jan:83:101786. Can transcranial photobiomodulation improve cognitive function? A systematic review of human studies

Abstract

Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation has been studied for over a decade as a possible cognitive intervention.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation for enhancing human cognitive function in healthy adults and remediating impaired cognitive function in adults with cognitive disorders.

Methods: A systematic literature search from three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) was conducted from 1987 to May 2022. The cognitive function being evaluated included learning and memory, attention, executive function, language, and global cognitive function.

Results: Of the 35 studies identified, 29 (82.9 %) studies reported positive improvement in cognitive functions after tPBM. All nine studies on participants with subjective memory complaints, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, showed positive outcomes. Seven (87.5 %) studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients also showed positive results.

Conclusions: tPBM seems to improve cognitive function

Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Nov 28. Pulsed Transcranial Red/Near-Infrared Light Therapy Using Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series

Abstract

Objective: This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans.

Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using LEDs has been shown to have positive effects on TBI in humans and animal models.

Methods: Twelve symptomatic military Veterans diagnosed with chronic TBI >18 months post-trauma received pulsed transcranial photobiomodulation using two neoprene therapy pads containing 220 infrared and 180 red LEDs over 6 weeks.

Results: Photobiomodulation significantly improved neuropsychological scores in 6 of 15 subscales (40.0%; p < 0.05; two tailed). SPECT analysis showed increase in rCBF in 8 of 12 (66.7%) study participants. Quantitative SPECT analysis revealed a significant increase in rCBF in this subgroup of study participants and a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment.

Conclusions: Photobiomodulation using LEDs shows promise in improving cognitive function and rCBF several years after TBI.

Front Psychol
. 2024 Jun 17:15:1378570. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378570. eCollection 2024.
Can transcranial photobiomodulation improve cognitive function in TBI patients? A systematic review
Jia Zeng 1, Chen Wang 1, Yuan Chai 2, Danyun Lei 3, Qiuli Wang 4

Abstract

Introduction: Transcranial photobiomodulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation technology which has become a promising therapy for treating many brain diseases. Although it has been confirmed in studies targeting neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s that photobiomodulation can improve cognitive function, the effectiveness of interventions targeting TBI patients remains to be determined. This systematic review examines the cognitive outcomes of clinical trials concerning photobiomodulation in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched before October 31, 2023.

Results: The initial search retrieved 131 articles, and a total of 6 studies were finally included for full text-analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusion: Results showed improvements in cognition for patients with chronic TBI after photobiomodulation intervention. The mechanism may be that photobiomodulation increases the volume of total cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter, and thalamic, improves cerebral blood flow, functional connectivity, and cerebral oxygenation, improving brain function.

About Vielight Photobiomodulation Devices

The company, Vielight, has generously offered followers of Parkinsons Recovery a 10% discount off orders of any of their devices including Neuro Gamma device. Enter the coupon code healing4me on the shopping cart. The website: www.vielight.com 
Do not hesitate to call the company. They always provide four star service and are happy to answer all of your questions. 1-877-355-8012 (Main line). The company is located in Toronto Canada.

Warranty

Vielight is so confident in its new product that you get six (6) months to try out their newly invented photobiomodulation therapy. If for any reason you are not satisfied, you can return it for a 80% refund. I have never heard of a company that is so confident in their product that such a generous warranty can be extended. They obviously have high confidence in their new invention.

Experience of hundreds of members of my audience is certainly positive. Nine out of ten users retain their units. Only one out of ten return them to claim the 80% refund.

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2010
Alzheimers Recovery

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Thiamine for Alzheimers

About Thiamine for Alzheimers

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. A water-soluble vitamin, Thiamine for Alzheimers is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, heart and muscles.

Thiamine deficiency is a life-threatening disease that leads to various disorders and lesions in the nerves and brain, at least in vertebrates. Several thiamine precursors with higher bioavailability have been developed to compensate for thiamine deficiency, including benfotiamine.

Benfotiamine is more bioavailable and has higher tissue penetration than thiamine. Benfotiamine represents an off-the-shelf agent used to support nerve health, promote healthy aging and support glucose metabolism.

J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78(3):989-1010. Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer’s disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation.

Objective: To collect preliminary data on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine.

Methods: A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome.

Results: Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment and mild Alzheimers. 

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2010
Alzheimers Recovery

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Brain Power Games

Most people choose to suppress the symptoms of Alzheimer’s  disease with medications or supplements. And why not? If you can begin to feel “normal”, you can begin leading a “normal” life. Brain power games are an entertaining and effective way to boost existing neural networks and create new ones.

Whole Brain Power
Michael Lavery, Author of Whole Brain Power

Michael Lavery, author of Whole Brain Power: The Fountain of Youth for the Mind and Body. has invented fascinating and innovative ways to increase and enhance the integrity and functionality of your brain. You read my last sentence correctly.

  • You can get a lot smarter!
  • Your memory and recall can improve significantly!
  • Your handwriting can improve!
  • Your can become more focused!
  • You can lift depression!
  • You can reclaim your life force!

All of this is possible, Michael explains, when you start a program of brain power games that exercise your brain in ways you never before even imagined. I like his approach because it puts you in the driver’s seat of your recovery and allows medicines and  supplements to take a back seat rather than front seat.

Joining Michael in my interview with him is Len Fox who discusses his own experience with taking Michael’s program of brain power exercises seriously.

More about Brain Power Games

The fine and gross motor controls of the hands help to grow the brain.  This brain growth occurs specifically on the surface of the brain as well as certain anatomical areas of the hippocampi structures, the corpus collosum and the cerebellum. The growth of myelin occurs with improved procedural memories.  When the myelin thickens on the axon sheaths, chemical changes occur with the production of a  master steroid. This process helps maintain homeostasis within the brain.

The brain has the ability to create new neurons in a process called neurogenesis. The brain has much greater plasticity than previously recognized.This is encouraging news for anyone dealing with mild cognitive impairment. People dealing with Alzheimer’s can be inspired to become more proactive with the issues of doing certain brain exercises that can help to rewire both hemispheres.

One of the tenets of whole brain exercises is to work on ambidexterity with handwriting drills and to also work on mirror writing.  This exercise is called “Da Vinci writing.”  It is one in which the practitioner writes from right to left with cursive penmanship.  The other ambidextrous drill is to bounce a golf ball off a mallet and to do so with either hand.

People with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s make tremendous strides in these areas where initially they had coordination problems.

To keep your program focused, Michael Lavery has also published a Whole Brain Power: Workbook & Progress Journal

How to Boost your dog's brain power
Canine IQ Quests

I suspect you may be thinking – really? I thought I was born which a fixed level of brain power. Do you have a dog? If so, I suggest test out the ability of anyone to get smarter – even dogs. Click on the Canine IQ Quests image for information about mind exercises that boost the brain power of your dog! If a dog can make it happen so can you!

Robert Rodgers PhD
Founder 2010
Alzheimers Recovery

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Sound Sleep Solution

 

Vielight, a photobiomodulation company in Toronto Canadaphotobiomodulation duo device has engineered devices that deliver light therapy with head helmets and nasal applicators which, according to be studies listed below, constitute a viable sound sleep solution.  Visit their website (https://www.vielight.com) for more information. When ordering any of their devices be sure to claim a 10% discount with coupon code healing4me.

Sound Sleep Solution Studies

Neural Regen Res. 2023 Mar;18(3):474-477. Lights at night: does photobiomodulation improve sleep? Audrey Valverde, Catherine Hamilton, Cécile Moro, Malvina Billeres, Pierre Magistretti, John Mitrofanis

Abstract

Sleep is a critical part of our daily routine. It impacts every organ and system of our body, from the brain to the heart and from cellular metabolism to immune function. A consistent daily schedule of quality of sleep makes a world of difference to our health and well-being. Despite its importance, so many individuals have trouble sleeping well. Poor quality sleep has such a detrimental impact on many aspects of our lives; it affects our thinking, learning, memory, and movements. Further, and most poignantly, poor quality sleep over time increases the risk of developing a serious medical condition, including neurodegenerative disease. The time is ripe for an effective sound sleep solution.

In this review, we focus on a potentially new non-pharmacological treatment that improves the quality of sleep. This treatment, called photobiomodulation, involves the application of very specific wavelengths of light to body tissues. In animal models, these wavelengths, when applied at night, have been reported to stimulate the removal of fluid and toxic waste-products from the brain; that is, they improve the brain’s inbuilt house-keeping function.

Summary: Transcranial nocturnal photobiomodulation, by improving brain function at night, will help improve the health and well-being of many individuals, by enhancing the quality of their sleep.

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 6;24(4):3221. Brain Waste Removal System and Sleep: Photobiomodulation as an Innovative Strategy for Night Therapy of Brain Diseases. Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Ivan Fedosov, Thomas Penzel, Dongyu Li, Tingting Yu, Valeria Telnova, Elmira Kaybeleva, Elena Saranceva, Andrey Terskov, Alexander Khorovodov, Inna Blokhina, Jürgen Kurths, Dan Zhu

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that an important function of the sleeping brain is the removal of wastes and toxins from the central nervous system (CNS) due to the activation of the brain waste removal system (BWRS). The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are an important part of the BWRS. A decrease in MLV function is associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, intracranial hemorrhages, brain tumors and trauma.

Since the BWRS is activated during sleep, a new sound sleep solution is being actively discussed in the scientific community: night stimulation of the BWRS might be an innovative and promising strategy for neurorehabilitation medicine.

Summary: This review highlights new trends in photobiomodulation of the BWRS/MLVs during deep sleep as a breakthrough technology for the effective removal of wastes and unnecessary compounds from the brain in order to increase the neuroprotection of the CNS as well as to prevent or delay various brain diseases.

J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;87(4):1581-1589. Brain Photobiomodulation Improves Sleep Quality in Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study. Xing Zhao, Wenying Du, Jiehui Jiang, Ying Han

Abstract

Background: Sleep appears to be a sensitive biomarker that facilitates early detection and effective intervention for Alzheimer’s disease, while subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Prefrontal cortex atrophy is associated with both sleep disruption and cognitive decline. Transcranial brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can enhance frontal cortex oxygen consumption, increasing frontal cortex mediated memory function.

Objective: This study aimed to test whether PBM therapy targeting the frontal cortex could improve sleep and cognitive function in SCD.

Methods: Fifty-eight SCDs were divided into the PBM group (N = 32) in which real light therapy was administered and a sham light therapy group (N = 26). All the participants received either real light or sham light therapy for 6 days consecutively, while the sleep data were recorded. The n-back task was employed to measure each participant’s working memory.

Results: We found no differences in sleep efficiency change (F = 211, p = 0.279), REM stage percent change (F = 420, p = 0.91), and wake-up time (F = 212, p = 0.277) between the two groups. The sleep efficiency and REM were improved within the true light group on the fifth day. The true light group perform better than the control group in the n-back test, the accuracy was higher in the 2-back test (88.6% versus 79.6%, p = 0.001), and the reaction time in 1-back was shorter (544.80±202.00 versus 592.87±222.05, p = 0.003).

Conclusion: After five days of PBM therapy targeting the prefrontal cortex, sleep efficiency and N-back cognitive performance were improved on the fifth day.

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 30;24(13):10946. Phototherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease: Photostimulation of Brain Lymphatics during Sleep: A Systematic Review. Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Thomas Penzel, Mikhail Poluektov, Ivan Fedosov, Maria Tzoy, Andrey Terskov, Inna Blokhina, Viktor Sidorov, Jürgen Kurths

Abstract

The global number of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) doubles every 5 years. It has been established that unless an effective treatment for AD is found, the incidence of AD will triple by 2060. However, pharmacological therapies for AD have failed to show effectiveness and safety. Therefore, the search for alternative methods for treating AD is an urgent problem in medicine.

The lymphatic drainage and removal system of the brain (LDRSB) plays an important role in resistance to the progression of AD. The development of methods for augmentation of the LDRSB functions may contribute to progress in AD therapy.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered to be a non-pharmacological and safe approach for Alzheimers therapy and a viable smart sleep solution. Here, we highlight the most recent and relevant studies of PBM for AD. We focus on emerging evidence that indicates the potential benefits of photobiomodulation during sleep for modulation of natural activation of the LDRSB at nighttime, providing effective removal of metabolites, including amyloid-β, from the brain, leading to reduced progression of AD.

Summary: Our review creates a new niche in the therapy of brain diseases during sleep and sheds light on the development of smart sleep technologies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Sleep Med. 2022 Feb:90:153-166. Light therapy for sleep disturbances in older adults with dementia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Jun Song Isaac Tan, Ling Jie Cheng, Ee Yuee Chan, Ying Lau, Siew Tiang Lau

Abstract

Background: Sleep disturbances in older adults with dementia are common. Light therapy may help in regulating their sleep or wake cycle. However, data in the literature on the effectiveness of light therapy for the people with the said condition remain inconclusive. Thus, further research is warranted.

Objectives: This review aims to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of light therapy in reducing sleep disturbances among older adults with dementia.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ALOIS, PsycInfo, Web of Science, ProQuest, OpenGrey, various trial registries and different journals specializing on sleep were searched without limitations on the year of publication. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool version 1 and GRADE criteria were used to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted using Stata software.

Summary: A total of 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1012 older persons with dementia were included. The meta-analysis revealed that light therapy significantly reduced night-time awakenings (p = 0.04), enhanced sleep quality (p = 0.01) and increased relative amplitude (p = 0.01) with a small to medium effect (g = 0.26-0.43). Subgroup analyses showed that studies conducted in the Western Pacific region had a larger effect size on sleep duration and efficiency than those conducted in other regions.

Robert Rodgers PhD